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Based on research in three languages, this text traces the origins of modern medical specialization to 1830s Paris & examines the spread of the concept to Germany, Great Britain and the U.S., showing how it evolved from an outgrowth of academic teaching & research into the dominant mode of medical practice.

Medicine --- Health Workforce --- Specialties and specialists --- History. --- Specialties, Medical --- Government Regulation --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- Specialism --- history

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Organ transplantation is the greatest therapeutic advancement of the second half of the 20th century. Of all medical specialities, the pioneers of transplantation make up the largest number of experts awarded with, or nominated for the Nobel Prize.Over the years, transplantation has fascinated the scientific community as well as the general public for a variety of reasons: The development of transplantation has involved almost all medical specialities. In the history of medicine, there is perhaps no other example of such extensive co-operation and exchange of knowledge and experience among ba

Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Cell transplantation. --- Cells --- Cellular transplantation --- Cellular therapy --- Medical transplantation --- Organ transplantation --- Organ transplants --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Surgical transplantation --- Tissue transplantation --- Tissues --- Transplant surgery --- Transplantation surgery --- Transplants, Organ --- Surgery --- Preservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Procurement of organs, tissues, etc. --- History. --- Transplantation --- Cell Transplantation --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- Organ Transplantation --- Transplantation Immunology. --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc

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Among the struggles of the twentieth century, the one between humans and mosquitoes may have been the most vexing, as demonstrated by the long battle to control these bloodsucking pests. As vectors of diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis, and dengue fever, mosquitoes forced open a new chapter in the history of medical entomology. Based on extensive use of primary sources, The Mosquito Crusades traces this saga and the parallel efforts of civic groups in New Jersey's Meadowlands and along San Francisco Bay's east side to manage the dangerous mosquito population. Providing readers with a fascinating exploration of the relationship between science, technology, and public policy, Gordon Patterson's narrative begins in New Jersey with John B. Smith's effort to develop a comprehensive plan and solution for mosquito control, one that would serve as a national model. From the Reed Commission's 1900 yellow fever experiment to the first Earth Day seventy years later, Patterson provides an eye-opening account of the crusade to curtail the deadly mosquito population.

History, 20th Century --- Mosquito Control --- Mosquitoes as carriers of disease --- Mosquitoes --- Culicidae --- Mosquitos --- Diptera --- Mosquito vectors --- Insects as carriers of disease --- Control, Mosquito --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- history --- Control --- History

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En 1900, les mots « infirmier » et « infirmière » étaient utilisés pour nommer le personnel non qualifié de l’hôpital et avaient le même sens que « garçon desalle » et « fille de salle ». En 1950, le terme n’est plus que féminin et désigne des travailleuses qualifiées dont la formation initiale assez longue a été certifiée par un diplôme d’État. Quelles ont été les raisons de cette mutation, qui a accompagné l’évolution de la médecine hospitalière et du droit de l’assistance ? Comment ce phénomène s’inscrit-il dans l’évolution de la société française de la première moitié du XXe siècle ? Pourquoi est-ce dans les hôpitaux de l’Assistance publique de Paris que cette dynamique a été forte au point que ses choix ont entraîné l’ensemble du secteur hospitalier du pays ? Comment cette professionnalisation s’est-elle effectuée ? Quelles ont été ses conséquences sur la vie de ces femmes ? Cet ouvrage associe une approche quantitative précise de l’institution hospitalière parisienne à l’étude des destins individuels de seize femmes soignantes. Par un jeu d’échelles, l’auteur définit le rôle de différents facteurs (l’origine géographique, le milieu social, la formation, le marché du travail, les guerres, etc.) dans la conception d’un métier qualifié. Afin de préciser les spécificités parisiennes, un chapitre est consacré à un autre grand ensemble hospitalier, les Hospices civils de Lyon, ce qui nous permet de suivre jusqu’à nos jours un groupe professionnel proche de celui des infirmières créé dans les années 1930 pour se substituer aux religieuses qui disparaissaient. L’auteur présente un groupe social de femmes dynamiques, confrontées aux difficultés de la vie mais aussi à un exercice professionnel passionnant, dont le tableau nous est ainsi brossé, sans que soit laissé de côté l’impact de la gestion menée par l’administration hospitalière.

History, 20th Century --- History of Nursing --- History, Modern 1601 --- -History --- Humanities --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Nursing, History --- History Nursing --- History Nursings --- Nursing Histories --- Nursing History --- Nursings, History --- Nurses --- Nursing --- Nursing Care --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- history --- hôpitaux --- personnel infirmier --- soins infirmiers --- France --- Paris

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In 1988, the World Health Organization launched a campaign for the global eradication of polio. Today, this goal is closer than ever. Fewer than 1,300 people were paralyzed from the disease in 2004, down from approximately 350,000 in 1988. In The Death of a Disease, science writers Bernard Seytre and Mary Shaffer tell the dramatic story of this crippling virus that has evoked terror among parents and struck down healthy children for centuries. Beginning in ancient Egypt, the narrative explores the earliest stages of research, describes the wayward paths taken by a long line of scientists-each of whom made a vital contribution to understanding this enigmatic virus-and traces the development of the Salk and Sabin vaccines. The book also tracks the contemporary polio story, detailing the remaining obstacles as well as the medical, governmental, and international health efforts that are currently being focused on developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Niger. At a time when emerging diseases and the threat of bioterrorism are the focus of much media and public attention, this book tells the story of a crippling disease that is on the verge of disappearing. In the face of tremendous odds, the near-eradication of polio offers an inspiring story that is both encouraging and instructive to those at the center of the continued fight against communicable diseases.

Vaccination --- History, 20th Century. --- Poliomyelitis --- Poliomyelitis vaccine --- Live poliovirus vaccine --- Salk vaccine --- Anterior spinal paralysis --- Infantile paralysis --- Paralysis, Anterior spinal --- Paralysis, Infantile --- Polio --- Central nervous system --- Enterovirus diseases --- Myelitis --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- history. --- prevention & control. --- History. --- Prevention --- Infections